Relationship Between Spiritual Well-being and Happiness

Connection Between Spiritual Well-being and Happiness Presentation This part contains the rundown of the current examination, the ends drawn after the investigation of the information and the ramifications of the investigation. It likewise incorporates the impediments of the examination alongside the proposals for future exploration. Outline The motivation behind the examination was to look at the bliss of people scoring high on otherworldly prosperity and people scoring low on profound prosperity. Further, the investigation likewise investigated whether there were any critical sex contrasts in satisfaction just as profound prosperity. Arbitrary testing strategy was utilized to gather the example. The example was gathered from different post graduate universities and privately owned businesses in the city. First consent was looked for from the foundations to direct the exploration in their separate grounds. At that point the surveys were directed to the members. The example was managed two polls, so as to quantify the significant factors of the investigation. Otherworldliness was evaluated with the assistance of the Spiritual Well Being Questionnaire by Ellison Paloutzian (1982). Satisfaction was estimated utilizing the Subjective Happiness Scale by Lyubomirsky Lepper (1999). The example size was 222. To look at the satisfaction of people scoring high on otherworldly prosperity and people scoring low on profound prosperity, the complete example (N-222) was partitioned into two gatherings dependent on the scored acquired on the Spiritual Well Being Scale by Ellison Paloutzian (1982). Those people whose scores lay one SD over the mean (above 104.38) shaped the high gathering while those people whose scores lay one SD beneath the mean (below74.84) framed the low gathering. Therefore, the example comprised of 44 in the high and 37 in the low gathering (N=81). For considering the sexual orientation contrasts in joy and profound prosperity, the example involved 112 male and 110 females (N=222). The example had a place with the white collar class of society, from the age scope of 21 to 30 years old. It included unmarried people of various strict gatherings (Hindus, Muslims, Christians). It included understudies just as working experts living in Pune city. The base instructive capability of the example was twelfth grade. SPSS programming was utilized to investigate the acquired information. The autonomous examples T Test was utilized to analyze the gatherings on satisfaction and otherworldly prosperity. In light of the survey of applicable writing, the speculations of the current investigation were figured as: People who score high on profound prosperity will be fundamentally more joyful when contrasted with people who score low on otherworldly prosperity. There will be no critical distinction in bliss among guys and females. Ladies will score altogether higher on profound prosperity than guys. Ends The discoveries from the current examination can be finished up as follows: It was discovered that there was a huge contrast in satisfaction between people who scored high on profound prosperity when contrasted with people who scored low. The mean score of the high gathering was altogether higher on the variable of joy when contrasted with the mean score of the low gathering. Along these lines it tends to be inferred that people who score high on profound prosperity were more joyful when contrasted with people who score low on otherworldly prosperity. Sexual orientation contrasts were seen on joy. It was discovered that there was a noteworthy contrast in satisfaction among guys and females, with females scoring fundamentally higher on joy in correlation with guys. Thus, it very well may be presumed that ladies are more joyful in correlation with men. No sexual orientation contrasts were seen on the variable of profound prosperity. It was discovered that there was no noteworthy distinction in otherworldly prosperity among guys and females. Despite the fact that the mean score for ladies was higher, the thing that matters was not huge. Along these lines, it tends to be presumed that there are no critical sexual orientation contrasts on profound prosperity. Ramifications OF THE STUDY It was found from the current examination that people high on profound prosperity were more joyful in correlation people low on otherworldly prosperity and no sex contrasts were found in otherworldly prosperity. It was additionally discovered that ladies were more joyful than men. The investigation of sexual orientation contrasts is fundamental in seeing how various sexes react to various circumstances. Otherworldliness can be utilized in directing and helpful settings as a way of dealing with stress to upgrade psychological wellness. Moreover, the discoveries of the investigation have suggestions in the clinical field, where individuals with perilous infections can be instructed to adapt utilizing profound practices and procedures. The discoveries likewise can be utilized to make mindfulness and psycho-teaching individuals about the advantages of otherworldliness. Since otherworldly prosperity is connected with more prominent satisfaction, individuals can utilize profound strategies to improve their prosperity. Confinements One significant confinement in the correlation of people scoring high on otherworldly prosperity and people scoring low, was that sex was not controlled. There were more ladies (25) in the high gathering when contrasted with men (19). Then again there were increasingly male in the low gathering (22) than females (15). Lee, Seacombe Shehan in 1991 found that ladies were bound to report themselves as upbeat contrasted with men (Diener et al, 1999). Sex may have had an impact on the needy variable, joy. Another impediment of the examination was that the example size, for looking at bliss of people scoring high and low on otherworldly prosperity, was little. Subsequently it is hard to make clearing speculations. The strict connection of the example was not controlled. The example comprised of people having a place with various religions, for example, Hindu’s, Muslims and Christians. In any case, the three strict gatherings were not similarly spoken to. Hence, this turns into a constraint as religion may assume a job in an individual’s profound prosperity and joy. Further, different strict gatherings were excluded which additionally is a restriction. The age scope of the example was 21 to 30 years. Consequently, the outcomes may not appropriate to other age gatherings. The example included people having a place with the center layers of society living in a urban region in Pune city. In this manner, people from the lower and privileged of society just as those living in provincial territories were not viewed as which turns into an impediment as results may not substantial for these gatherings. Since self report inventories were utilized for acquiring the applicable information, social attractive quality and faking couldn't be controlled. This additionally turns into a confinement of the investigation. Recommendations FOR FUTURE RESEARCH In the current investigation sex was not controlled while looking at people scoring high on otherworldly prosperity and those scoring low on profound prosperity. Some exploration considers demonstrate that ladies are more joyful than men (Blanchflower and Oswald 2004; Frey and Stutzer 2002; Praag and Ferrer-I-Carbonell 2008 refered to in Tiefenbach and Kohlbacher,2013) while others recommend that men are the more joyful sex (Stevenson Wolfers, 2009 refered to in Compton Hoffman, 2011). Consequently it is prescribed to take equivalent number of guys and females so as to show signs of improvement comprehension of the connection among otherworldliness and joy. Further, it is recommended to think about the strict affiliations of the members by taking equivalent number of people from every strict gathering (Cohen, 2002). Likewise, strict minorities can be incorporated to build generalizability. Future examination can likewise consider diverse age gatherings, for example, moderately aged grown-ups and geriatric populace. Exploration has demonstrated that bliss diminishes from youth to middle age and afterward increments from middle age to mature age (Blanchflower Oswald, 2008 refered to in Carr, 2011). In this way, unique age gathering can be looked at on otherworldliness and satisfaction. Further examination can dig into different factors, for example, financial status, topographical area, conjugal status, family structure and study its relationship with otherworldliness and bliss in order to comprehend if these elements intercede the connection between the two factors.

The Oppression of Females in Advertising :: essays papers

Our general public is an intricate assortment of organizations, status, jobs, qualities, and standards, and the most ideal approach to comprehend and find out about them is using social curios. These can be anything from music to craftsmanship to writing, or as in the case of this conversation, the cutting edge formation of promotion as found in ladies' magazines. As Homo Sapiens moved from the tracker - gatherer lifestyle to modern culture , it was important to build a structure for living with the goal that such a concentrated number of individuals could exist together. This structure as come to comprise of a bunch of desires dependent on qualities and standards as jobs status and establishments. Alluring conduct is looked for by individuals all through the nation dependent on how one is raised and the desires one is barraged with consistently. These desires are reflected in all aspects of our way of life and are utilized by individuals in order to realize the proper behavior in so me random circumstance. The principle models are: the family, instruction, wellbeing and medication, religion, and the law. I have discovered that specific mediums mirror the normal jobs in these establishments superior to other people. I initially centered around sexual orientation jobs as a delineation of cliché conduct as reflected by publicizing particularly the depiction of ladies, however I found that there were different generalizations being sustained also that were similarly as standardized if not just less saw or contemplated. Along these lines, despite the fact that this contention will concentrate on the delineation of females and the female job in publicizing. It will likewise make reference to the general utilization of American qualities , standards, and foundations to impact shoppers. An organization is characterized as a steady bunch of qualities, standards, status, jobs, and gatherings that create around a fundamental social need with a status being an individual's situation in the public arena and a job being the conduct anticipated from that, and a worth being a socially shared thought of what is acceptable, right, and alluring and a standard being the conduct anticipated from those thoughts. At the point when individuals start to frame certain desires in life there start to be shaped generalizations. Individuals remember them generally and use them to shape assessments and act or not act with a specific goal in mind when they are gone up against with a circumstance or individual.

Using 5-HTP to Treat Depression

Using 5-HTP to Treat Depression Depression Treatment Medication Print Using 5-HTP to Treat Depression By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Tetra Images - Jamie Grill/Brand X Pictures/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Symptoms 5-HTP Effectiveness   Safety and Side Effects   Pregnancy and Breastfeeding View All Research shows that using 5-HTP for depression may help alleviate depressive symptoms. 5-HTP, or 5-hydroxytryptophan, is an amino acid that our bodies produce from a dietary amino acid called l-tryptophan. It can be converted into the mood-regulating neurotransmitter called serotonin, as well as the sleep-inducing hormone known as melatonin. 5-HTP may also be synthesized in the laboratory by extracting it from the seeds of the plant ?Griffonia simplicifolia.?? Understanding Depression Depression, which is also referred to as clinical depression or major depressive disorder, is a mood disorder that creates feelings of sadness and hopelessness that can last for a long period of time.?? Eventually, it starts to creep into your everyday life, affecting the way you think, how you deal with stress, the way you behave, and how you feel. Your regular activities of daily life, like getting out of bed, brushing your teeth, and showering may feel pointless and overwhelming. Your energy may feel sapped too, making it even easier to skip these small tasks. Depression is more than the normal funk we all find ourselves in sometimes. The key to knowing its time to find help is determining when your symptoms are bad enough that theyre seriously impacting your life. Maybe youve stopped participating in activities you once enjoyed. Or maybe you find yourself sobbing on the bathroom floor all too often. Perhaps you dont even recognize yourself anymore as you hazily go through the motions of just barely living. You may have depression only once, but many people who deal with depression have multiple episodes during their lifetimes. Keep in mind that depression isnt a personal flaw. Its a real medical condition that needs to be treated, and depending on the severity of your depression, the treatment may end up being a long-term process. Take heart thoughâ€"the majority of people who have dealt with depression report feeling better once they start on medication, go to psychotherapy (counseling), or do a combination of both. Depression Symptoms Symptoms of depression are present during the majority of the day, just about every day, for two weeks or more and may include:?? Feeling sad, hopeless, or emptyCrying more than usualAnger or irritabilitySleeping too much or not sleeping enoughLoss of interest in normal activities or hobbiesFatigueLoss of energyAppetite changes, such as eating more or less than usualWeight changes as a result of appetite changesAnxietyFeeling worthless, guilty, and/or isolatedDifficulty concentratingMemory problemsFeeling agitated or restlessThinking about death and/or suicidePhysical symptoms like unexplained headaches, backaches, or stomachaches How  5-HTP Works The essential amino acid l-tryptophan can be obtained by eating foods that contain it, such as red meat and turkey, but its ability to be converted into 5-HTPâ€"and ultimately into serotoninâ€"is limited by the availability of an enzyme called tryptophan hydroxylase.?? The amount of tryptophan hydroxylase in our bodies can be inhibited by many different factors, such as stress, insulin resistance, vitamin B6 deficiency, and magnesium deficiency. Supplementing with 5-HTP overcomes this problem by eliminating the need to convert l-tryptophan to 5-HTP, thus allowing more 5-HTP to be available for conversion to serotonin. Effectiveness   Overall, the clinical trials published to date indicate that 5-HTP may be effective in treating depression symptoms, both on its own and when used in conjunction with prescription antidepressants.?? However, better quality studies are needed to firmly establish its effectiveness, especially since they have only been done in small groups of people. One study concluded that 5-HTP shouldnt be given by itself because its not very effective and it may actually deplete neurotransmitters in your brain like dopamine and norepinephrine, which can make your depression worse.?? Instead, the researchers noted, 5-HTP should be given with dopamine or serotonin amino acid precursors in order to minimize side effects, prevent neurotransmitter depletion, and to get the most efficacy from 5-HTP. However, these supplemental amino acids need to be kept in careful balance or theres a risk of depression symptoms becoming worse due to neurotransmitter depletion. A group of researchers who looked at the effects of 5-HTP in a slow-release form argue that this extended delivery method could make the supplement an important adjunctive (additional) therapy in people who have treatment-resistant depression.?? To support their beliefs, the researchers also did a related study on the performance of slow-release 5-HTP versus the immediate release formula in mice, which showed that the slow-release version was far more therapeutically effective. The scientists conclude that developing a slow-release 5-HTP drug is doable and could be a particularly beneficial treatment for patients who appear to have 5-HT deficiencies, typically indicated by suicidal actions, severe depression, and co-occurring borderline personality disorder (BPD), all of which tend to be more resistant to SSRIs. Additionally, the researchers believe that slow-release 5-HTP could potentially help people who have been diagnosed with mental health disorders that are only partially responsive to SSRIs like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety disorders. Safety and Side Effects   Doses of around 200 to 300 mg per day of 5-HTP seem to be fairly well-tolerated.?? The most common side effects reported with 5-HTP include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Less common side effects include a headache, insomnia, and heart palpitations. Gastrointestinal side effects appear to be dose-dependent and tend to lessen over time. There is one very serious safety concern with 5-HTP, however. When taken in conjunction with other medications for depression that also increase serotonin, such as SSRIs or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), there is a possibility that your serotonin levels may become dangerously high.?? This condition, called serotonin syndrome, leads to symptoms such as high blood pressure, hyperthermia, flushing, hyperreflexia, dizziness, disorientation, and involuntary muscle twitching called myoclonus. Patients experiencing these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention, as this condition can be fatal. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding There is not currently enough data to tell whether 5-HTP is safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women to use. For this reason, you shouldnt take 5-HTP if youre expecting a child or nursing. A Word From Verywell Although you can buy it over-the-counter, talk to your doctor before starting on 5-HTP, especially if youre already taking other antidepressants or medications. Your doctor can make sure youre taking the right amount and that youre not susceptible to any potential drug interactions. The 7 Best Online Help Resources for Depression

The Carbon Chemistry and Crystal Structure of Diamonds

The word diamond is derived from the Greek word adamao, meaning I tame or I subdue or the related word adamas, which means hardest steel or hardest substance. Everyone knows diamonds are hard and beautiful, but did you know a diamond could be the oldest material you might own? While the rock in which diamonds are found may be 50 to 1,600 million years old, the diamonds themselves are approximately 3.3 billion years old. This discrepancy comes from the fact that the volcanic magma that solidifies into rock, where diamonds are found did not create them, but only transported the diamonds from the Earths mantle to the surface. Diamonds also may form under the high pressures and temperatures at the site of meteorite impacts. The diamonds formed during an impact may be relatively young, but some meteorites contain stardust — debris from the death of a star — which may include diamond crystals. One such meteorite is known to contain tiny diamonds over 5 billion years old. These diamonds are older than our solar system. Start with Carbon Understanding the chemistry of a diamond requires a basic knowledge of the element carbon. A neutral carbon atom has six protons and six neutrons in its nucleus, balanced by six electrons. The electron shell configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2. Carbon has a valence of ​four since four electrons can be accepted to fill the 2p orbital. Diamond is made up of repeating units of carbon atoms joined to four other carbon atoms via the strongest chemical linkage, covalent bonds. Each carbon atom is in a rigid tetrahedral network where it is equidistant from its neighboring carbon atoms. The structural unit of diamond consists of eight atoms, fundamentally arranged in a cube. This network is very stable and rigid, which is why diamonds are so very hard and have a high melting point. Virtually all carbon on Earth comes from the stars. Studying the isotopic ratio of the carbon in a diamond makes it possible to trace the history of the carbon. For example, at the earths surface, the ratio of isotopes carbon-12 and carbon-13 is slightly different from that of stardust. Also, certain biological processes actively sort carbon isotopes according to mass, so the isotopic ratio of carbon that has been in living things is different from that of the Earth or the stars. Therefore, it is known that the carbon for most natural diamonds comes most recently from the mantle, but the carbon for a few diamonds is the recycled carbon of microorganisms, formed into diamonds by the earths crust via plate tectonics. Some minute diamonds that are generated by meteorites are from carbon available at the site of impact; some diamond crystals within meteorites are still fresh from the stars. Crystal Structure The crystal structure of a diamond is a face-centered cubic or FCC lattice. Each carbon atom joins four other carbon atoms in regular tetrahedrons (triangular prisms). Based on the cubic form and its highly symmetrical arrangement of atoms, diamond crystals can develop into several different shapes, known as crystal habits. The most common crystal habit is the eight-sided octahedron or diamond shape. Diamond crystals can also form cubes, dodecahedra, and combinations of these shapes. Except for two shape classes, these structures are manifestations of the cubic crystal system. One exception is the flat form called a macle, which is really a composite crystal, and the other exception is the class of etched crystals, which have rounded surfaces and may have elongated shapes. Real diamond crystals dont have completely smooth faces but may have raised or indented triangular growths called trigons. Diamonds have perfect cleavage in four different directions, meaning a diamond will separat e neatly along these directions rather than break in a jagged manner. The lines of cleavage result from the diamond crystal having fewer chemical bonds along the plane of its octahedral face than in other directions. Diamond cutters take advantage of lines of cleavage to facet gemstones. Graphite is only a few electron volts more stable than diamond, but the activation barrier for conversion requires almost as much energy as destroying the entire lattice and rebuilding it. Therefore, once the diamond is formed, it will not reconvert back to graphite because the barrier is too high. Diamonds are said to be metastable since they are kinetically rather than thermodynamically stable. Under the high pressure and temperature conditions needed to form a diamond, its form is actually more stable than graphite, and so over millions of years, carbonaceous deposits may slowly crystallize into diamonds.

Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Hesss law states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reactions comprising it. In other words, the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction (the heat of reaction at constant pressure) does not depend on the pathway between the initial and final states. The law is a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy. Importance of Hesss Law Because Hesss law holds true, its possible to break a chemical reaction into multiple steps and use the standard enthalpies of formation to find the overall energy of a chemical reaction. Standard enthalpy tables are compiled from empirical data, usually acquired using calorimetry. Using these tables, its possible to calculate whether or not a more complex reaction is thermodynamically favorable or not. Applications of Hesss Law In addition to calculating the enthalpy of a reaction rather than directly measuring it, Hesss law is used to: Find electron affinities based on theoretical lattice energy.Calculate heat change of phase transitions.Calculate heat change when a substance changes allotropes.Find the heat of formation of an unstable intermediate in a reaction.Find the lattice energy of ionic compounds. Sources Chakrabarty, D.K. (2001). An Introduction to Physical Chemistry. Mumbai: Alpha Science. pp. 34–37. ISBN 1-84265-059-9.Leicester, Henry M. (1951). Germain Henri Hess and the Foundations of Thermochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Education. 28 (11): 581–583. doi:10.1021/ed028p581

Cry the Beloved Country, Inherit the Wind, Julius Caesar Free Essays

Eleanor Roosevelt stated that people make their own decisions, and the reasoning behind what happens in their lives is of their own responsibility and consequence. Bert Cates, from Jerome Lawrence’s Inherit the Wind, applies directly to this statement while Stephen Kumalo of Cry the Beloved Country and Caesar of Julius Caesar do not. Stephen Kumalo and Julius Caesar’s lives were drastically influenced by the choices of others, not their own. We will write a custom essay sample on Cry the Beloved Country, Inherit the Wind, Julius Caesar or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bertram Cates, however, made his own decisions and influenced his life individually. In Inherit the Wind, Bert Cates illegally teaches evolution to his biology class. As a citizen of Hillsboro, TN, he must have known that teaching evolution was unlawful as well as the consequences that would follow. Cates, however, is a man who wants to fully educate his students and open them up to different ideas and perspectives. For this reason, he teaches evolution anyway and is prosecuted and fined $100 (Lawrence, . Inherit the Wind. Pg 103) for it. It’s a consequence of his choice to teach such a controversial subject and because of it his life is greatly impacted. In Julius Caesar, Julius’ fate was definitely not of his own choice. Brutus, Cassius, Cinna, Decius, and Casca, a group of people Caesar trusted, murder him. Caesar had done nothing wrong. He’s a bit cocky and self centered at times, perhaps, but he has done nothing harmful to the well-being of others. The lack of trust from Brutus, Cassius, Cinna, Decius, and Casca is why Caesar’s life is brought to an end. They think he’d go mad with power, so they take him out before he even has the chance to prove them right or wrong. In reality, he would have done what is right for his people, and that is apparent in his will. â€Å"To every Roman citizen he gives, to every several man, seventy-five drachmas. †, Marc Antony reads off of Caesar’s will, â€Å"Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, private arbors, and new-planted orchards, on his side Tiber. He hath left them to you and to your heirs forever. † (Shakespeare, Julius Caesar. Pg. 133) Caesar has no control over stopping the situation because he doesn’t even know it’s going to happen. He hasn’t done anything to deserve his murder, it’s not of his own consequence. He was killed out of the mistrust from others. Stephen Kumalo of Cry the Beloved Country is tossed around, put through so much pain, and none of it is of his doing. He may have made the decision to look for his son and sister to protect his family, but isn’t it a man’s instinct to care for the people who are closest to him? Stephen’s son made the decision to take the wrong path, live the life of a thief, and eventually kill another person. Stephen’s sister made the decision to sell alcohol, sleep around, and not care for her son. All of these bad choices were made by other people, yet Stephen was still strongly affected by them. Eleanor Roosevelt says that people are responsible for what happens in their lives, but Stephen couldn’t control Absalom being sentenced to death, Gertrude leaving, or his brother screwing him over. This is because he didn’t have the money, power, and most importantly, the control over their decisions. How to cite Cry the Beloved Country, Inherit the Wind, Julius Caesar, Essay examples

Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Essay Example

Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project Paper Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 0 Background Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a type of devices that can be used as a DC motor speed controller or light dimmer. PWM is used extensively for speed controller where power-saving application is needed. This device has been used as a motor speed control for small DC fans, for example in computer power supplies. A PWM circuits works by creating a square wave with a variable on-to-off ratio, the average on time may be varied from 0 to 100 duty cycle. The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular interval or period of time; a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on. From this, a variable amount of power is transferred to the load. The main advantage of PWM is that power loss in the switching devices is very low. When the switch is off there is practically no current, and when it is on, there is almost no voltage drop across the switch. Power loss, being the product of voltage and current, is thus in both cases close to zero. PWM also works well with digital controls, which, because of their on/off nature, can easily set the needed duty cycle. Additional advantage of PWM is that the pulses reach the full supply voltage and will produce more torque in a motor by being able to overcome the internal motor resistance easily. 1. 1 Objectives The objectives of this project are: 1. To develop the actual circuit of the PWM. 2. To simulate the PWM circuit in simulation software. 3. To use the PWM in order to control the speed of the DC motor. 1. 2 Methodology Start Title consideration, ideas Supervisor approval Components specifications and data sheets Proposal Drafting Proposal Evaluation Project Simulation Project Presentation Progress Report Submission END Figure 1. 2. 1 Flowchart of Methodology 1. 3 Gantt Chart 1. 3. 1 Final Year Project 1 | WEEKS| We will write a custom essay sample on Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pulse Width Modulation Final Year Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer ACTIVITY| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| 1| Student-supervisor-panel allocation, briefing about FYP, introductions| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 2| Student-supervisor meeting arrange time, finding ideas discuss ideas, project titles| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 3| Student-supervisor regular meeting| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 4| Proposal preparation| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 5| Proposal evaluation, meet supervisor for evaluation, things to be improved| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 6| Proposal correction correct any mistakes| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 7| Project Development choose circuit, check availability simulation| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 8| Proposal and progress presentation| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 9| Progress report writing is based on progress| Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 10| Progress report submission submit report| Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | 1. 3. 2 Final Year Project 2 Week| 1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7| 8| 9| 10| 11| 12| 13| 14| Tasks| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Buy Components | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | | | | | Construct circuiton breadboard | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | | | | Troubleshoot| | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | PCB Layout Design| | | | | | Â  | | | Â  | | | | | | PCB Layout Print| | | | | | | | | | Â  | Â  | | | | Soldering| | | | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | | | | | | | Final Report| | | | | | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Â  | Final Presentation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. 3. 2. 1 Aims for Final Year Project 2 1. Prepare the actual circuit diagram 2. Building and programming the PCB circuit diagram 3. Drilling the PCB and soldering the components 4. Testing the PWM circuit 5. Troubleshoot 1. 3. 2. 2 Project planning for Final Year Project 2 For the final year project 2, we have to prepare the actual circuit based on our simulation result. We will create the PCB artwork with PCB programming such as ExpressPCB, which is available for free and is surprisingly functional. Next, we have to print out the PCB artwork on a transparency. Then we cut out the printed portion of the artwork. This will define the size and shape of the PCB. To make PCBs, we can use the UV exposure method, which is only slightly more difficult than and significantly more precise than the toner transfer method. To start out, we must cut the PCB to be the same size as the outline of the PCB positive. First, we drew a rectangle the same dimensions of the PCB on the protective layer of UV Reactive copper covered ibreglass board, and then cut it out using a Dremel tool equipped with a diamond wheel. We have to make sure that once we have removed the board from its protective package it will not be exposed to any UV. Fluorescent and halogen lights both output enough UV light that they will expose the board through the protective layer of plastic. Next, after we cut the UV sensitive PCB to size, we are ready to expose the board. Then we remove the protective layer to size, from the PCB right before we place the positive on it, or else dust particles will attach to the board, which will mark the final PCB. To expose the PCB, first remove the protective layer, place the positive transparency on top of the board, and place it in the UV exposure box. An exposure time of 10-11 minutes is recommended. Now we need to drill holes in the PCB for the through-hole components. Finally, we have to solder all the components through-hole components. If the final result is not achieved when testing the final circuit, we have to run troubleshooting and find out the problem. Then, we solved the problem based on the troubleshooting after we identify the real problem. Chapter 2 Circuit Design and Operation 2. 1 Schematic diagram Figure 2. 1. 1 Schematic Diagram of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) To Control DC Motor Speed. 2. 2 Circuit operation 2. 2. 1 Flow Chart and Description Input Signal DC wave) ? IC NE556 Output Signal (Square wave) LM311 Comparator Potentiometer ? IC NE556 Output Signal (Modulated Square wave) IRF 521 DC Motor Figure 2. 2. 1. 1 Circuit Operation Flowchart The input signal is fed into first half of IC NE556. The IC NE556 will generate square wave. The wave will then go to the second half of IC NE556 and been modulated. Potentiometer will control the second half IC to produce the desired output. A modulated square will be generated from the second IC. This wave of current will be amplified by IRF521 and then went to the motor and spin it. The DC motor speed will depends on the magnitude of the current. Chapter 3 Project Progress 3. 0 The Project Progress and the Project Outcomes The first stage of the progress is building the circuit for the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) circuit. Then, the best circuit diagram is chosen for our project. A preliminary literature review about our circuit had also been done. In this project, two of the LM556, Dual 556 Timer TTL IC were used to simulate the PWM circuit. The first IC allowed the possibility to generate square wave while the second IC allow modulation variation. Other than that, several problems were encountered when simulating some part of the circuit. This is due to incomplete library component of the simulation software such as the lack of LM556 IC in the first place. This was because the wrong type of licence of the software was selected. After a few trials and some changes of the circuit diagram for simulation, and with the right licence for the software, the PWM circuit was successfully simulated. Figure 1. 1 Expected DC square wave (output) Results Input Signal of 1st half of IC NE556 Output Signal of 2nd half of IC NE556 Calculation from theory: Thigh= 0. 7(RA+RC)C Thigh= 0. 7(1M+1K) (0. 05Â µ) = 0. 035s/35ms Tlow= 0. 7 RB C Tlow= 0. 7 (1K) (0. 05Â µ) = 3. 510-5s/ 0. 035 ms Values from simulation: Thigh= 38ms Tlow= 42 Â µs/ 0. 042 m Input Signal of 2nd half of IC NE556 Output Signal of 2nd half IC NE556 (A=0%, B=0%) (A=0%, B=10%) (A=0%, B=50%) (A=0% B=100%) Calculation from theory: Thigh= 1. 1 RA C Rated Current From Simulation (A=0%, B=0%)I=45. 842mA(A=0%, B=10%)I=132. 953mA (A=0%, B=50%)I=406. 541mA(A=0% B=100%)I=4. 121A Table of Motor Speed Slow| Speed| Fast| 0%| Value of Potentiometer B| 100%| 0. 2077ms| T high (ON time)| 7. l79ms| 132. 95mA| Rated Current| 4. 121A| 12V| Rated Voltage (Constant)| 12V| Since voltage is constant, the higher the current supplied, the faster the motor would spin. Chapter 4 4. 0 The Problems Encountered CASE 1 – FINDING SUITABLE SIMULATION SOFTWARE The PWM circuit uses two of LM556 IC. The first LM556 will convert DC input signal into square wave. Before doi ng the hardware of the project, the software need to be simulated first to check whether the circuit diagram is correct or need some adjustment. Because of this, finding the suitable simulation software had become a problem encounter to finish the project. List below show example name of other simulation software that can be used to run any the software simulation for the project; 1. TINA 2. OrCAD Capture 3. PROTEUS All of the other simulation software above can be use to run the simulation for this project but some of them were not suitable. As an example the TINA software were not used because of the unfamiliarity and the complexity of the software. The project also cannot be simulated using the OrCAD Capture since there were a large number of library which does not have simulation installed. This make it unsuitable since this project required to be simulated. Meanwhile PROTEUS software was not used because of the difficult interface that complicate the user or in other words not user-friendly. CASE 2 – WRONG LICENCE OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE After MULTISIM had been installed, a situation was encountered where the library components are not complete or some of the components are not available. If this problem prolonged, the circuit cannot be designed in the software. Some measures had been taken to find the solution but the problems still persist. There are some types of licence that accompanied for MULTISIM, which are: 1Power PRO Edition 2Full Edition 3Student Edition 4Education PKG Edition 5Base Edition At first, the Full Edition licence was installed. When the circuit was being designed, a lot of components were unavailable. Every aspect of the software was checked, but no problem related to the software was detected. The MULTISIM software was cleanly installed in the computer. . 1 Solutions for Every Problem CASE 1 SOLUTION – USE MULTISIM SOFTWARE The simulation can be done by using simulation programmed like TINA, Proteus, or OrCAD Capture. Unfortunately, all of these simulation programmed mentioned above have problems as explained before. Without a proper simulation, it is hard to detect any problems that exist in the design of the circuit. Finally, MULTISIM i s chosen as the simulation program. MULTISIM was suitable for simulation of the Pulse Width Modulation circuit. MULTISIM has all the required components in its component library. Hence, all the components can be place in the circuit to complete it. Simulation can be done easily by using MULTISIM. All the results being cleared by using this programmed. Expected results are the PWM wave which will control the motor. CASE 2 SOLUTION – WRONG LICENCE OF SIMULATION SOFTWARE This problem was easily encountered by reinstalling licence of the right type. In this case, PowerPro Edition licence type was required. After it has been reinstalled, all the components are unlocked. Hence, the process of designing the circuit in the simulation software continued, and simulation process succeed. Chapter 5 Conclusion For this semester, the project progress was successful until the simulation. Hence, the simulation needs to be done correctly according to the circuit so that expected result can be obtained. The circuit diagram for PWM to Control DC Motor Speed has been successfully designed. Thus, the first objective has been achieved. The progress of the project works efficiently if the project followed accordingly to the Gantt chart made at the beginning of the project. The Gantt chart contains all the important steps that need to be followed in rder to finish the project successfully. All the steps in the Gantt chart been mentioned with respective date. Hence, there should be no problem during Final Year Project 1 when all works were being done according directly to the Gantt chart. The simulation for PWM to Control DC Motor Speed had been done by using simulation program, MULTISIM. MULTISIM provides all the necessary components to complete the simulation for the PWM circuit . Since the output should be a DC motor or a DC fan, it was replaced with Oscilloscope or Multimeter to observe the changes that occur in the simulation. This shows that choosing MULTISIM is the smart choice to run the simulation because of the advantages and the ease of use that this simulation program has. REFERENCES 1. Motor Speed Controller, retrieved from http://homepages. which. net/~paul. hills/SpeedControl/SpeedControllersBody. html 2. 4QD-TEC: Electronics Circuits Reference Archive : PWM speed control, retrieved from http://www. 4qdtec. com/pwm-01. html 3. PWM Motor Speed Controller / DC Light Dimmer, retrieved from http://www. solorb. com/elect/solarcirc/pwm1/ 4. PWM DC Motor Controller, retrieved from http://picprojects. org. uk/projects/ppc/index. htm

The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History

The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History Differences between the Northern and Southern states of America triggered one of the most disastrous civil conflicts in American history. The height of the conflict was characterized by the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 (Draper 2). The Northern faction was majorly constituted of Union states while the Southern faction was comprised of the federation states. This four year conflict happened from 1861 – 1865 (Draper 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since Abraham Lincoln’s election, the Southerners noted that he was focused on ending slavery and keeping the Northern union together but this ideology did not represent the Southerner’s way of life. In fact, the conflict was primarily brought about by the different ways of living both regions had. The Northern union was of the opinion that the Southerners sh ould give up slave trade, build factories and give up their farms as well. However, the Southerners could hear nothing of it. The federal government therefore treated slave ownership as a right to property and they never gave up this right even in light of pressures from the Northern states. This conflict cost America more than 620,000 lives with an unconfirmed number of civilian casualties (Radford 1). Most of the war was fought in the South but it took a lot of time for both states to recover from the effects of the war. Collectively, the difference between the two national blocks assumed an economic, cultural and constitutional nature. In terms of economic differences, the Northern states wanted the federal government to protect local industries from foreign competition through the adjustment of tax policies (Radford 1). The Southern states on the other hand preferred the status quo because they assumed that a change in the tax system would affect its sale of large-scale agricult ural produce to Europe (Radford 1). This assumption was majorly founded on the principle that taxation would ultimately change the prices of agricultural goods. This kind of stalemate characterized the conflict for a long time and it created a big economic gap between the two state factions. The Northern states generally had few capital reserves but they had a considerably good track record of investments. On the other hand, the southerners were better economically empowered because they received a lot of revenues from the sale of cotton, and tobacco (Radford 1). Culturally, the two regions supported different ideologies with regards to slave trade and traditional types of Jobs. In detail, the Northern union supported the end of slave trade but the Southerners preferred the continuity of the slave trade. The Northerners also supported urban white-collar jobs but the Southerners supported small village-like agricultural jobs because its economy was largely supported by agriculture.Ad vertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two regions also supported different kinds of governmental set ups because the Northerners were of the opinion that there should be a centralized federal government which had power over all the states but the Southerners preferred that states should have a firmer grip on the running of state affairs. This was to be a secession kind of strategy for the Southerners. These kinds of differences openly played out even before the civil war when eleven Southern states declared secession from the American union and in turn formed the Confederate State of America which tirelessly opposed the Northern union’s government philosophy. Also, before the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, he strongly campaigned against the extinction of slave trade beyond states which were already practicing it (Radford 1). In a responsive manner, four other states also declared their secession from the American union (Radford 1). The American government thereafter started opposing calls for secession; terming it as an act of rebellion (Radford 1). This conflict later developed into a state of hostility between the two sides and the attack of the Southerners on a US military installation marked the beginning of the American civil war. Preferred Philosophy of Government The Northerners philosophy of government seems to be the most preferred form of government and indeed, the prevailing ideology after the civil war. This is true because the federal system of government advanced by the Northerners considers the political, economic and social problems plaguing a particular state (Dautrich 79). Local needs are best represented by state senators who live in the state itself and who are in a position to best understand the unique problems of the state and guarantee a unique solution to the same (Dautrich 79). For instance, when examining the poor sta te of traffic in Oahu, Hawaii, a long-term solution to the problem can be best formulated by representatives from within the community and not outside. The federal system of government advanced by the Northerners acknowledges these unique needs and provides a given level of autonomy to states to tackle their own local problems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Disastrous Civil Conflict in American History specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The federal system of government also represents all manner of people in the population and it offers a blanket representation of people within various states who may have a different way of life, ethnicity or even cultures (Dautrich 80). A federal system of government is in a position to overlook these differences and offer a common solution that suits everyone. Needless to say, this is done in consideration to local needs and tastes. This system perfectly works for the ben efit of everyone. For example, in the state of Arizona, there is a predominant majority population of Hispanic speaking population and therefore the provision of bilingual education is a unique way that has been established to cater for the unique needs of the local population (Dautrich 80). In this manner, state governments are able to adopt policies and systems that are only unique to the state and which don’t need to be adopted by other states. For instance, the federal system of government does not offer legal recognition of same sex marriages but certain states within America have legalized such unions out of the independence state governments are given by the federal government. The divisive way in assigning duties between state and federal governments is also bound to increase efficiency because the federal government is in a position to tackle issues at a national level while the state government can easily tackle issues at a local level. In addition, the federal syst em of government provides an opportunity for innovation because the freedom it gives state governments to formulate their own policies provides enough ground for comparison of which state formulates the best policies (say, in taxation), so that examples can be borrowed for practicability at a national level. These advantages could be easily derived from the Policies advanced by the Northerners in the American civil war. With regards to the slave trade stand taken by the Northerners, the ideology of banning slave trade was a good position to protect human rights because the ongoing slave trade in the South greatly violated human rights. For starters, slaves were confined in deplorable conditions, chained and forced to work long hours without remuneration. In addition, the slaves were branded by hot iron, beaten and given little food to eat. They were also treated as commodities and not necessarily regarded as fellow human beings. Comprehensively, the slave trade was morally repugnant and the Southerner’s support of it to improve their capital base was unjustifiable.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since the Northerners were more industrialized than the Southerners, they received great opposition from Southerners because the economic composition of the Southerners was greatly characterized by agriculture. The Northerners were therefore advancing for an industrial type of economy which has many advantages over the agrarian form of economy advanced by the Southerners. An industrial type of economy is characterized by mass production which could be potentially beneficial to the entire country in terms of exports and even in producing enough food to feed the entire country. The level of efficiency in an industrialized economy is also much higher as compared to an agrarian type of economy. In addition, an agrarian type of economy is also more prone to environmental conditions which increases the risks associated with such type of economies. For instance, if droughts or floods are experienced, there is little chance that production will be sustained in an agrarian type of economy. O n the other hand, an industrial economy is all-weather and production can be sustained all year round. These factors withstanding, the Northern ideology was better than the Southern ideology. Conclusion The ideology advanced by the Northerners prevailed in the American civil war and it characterizes the world economy today. The Southern ideology which prompted the American civil war was more a selfish move by Southern states and it posed a resistance to change because the agrarian type of economy represented an older type of economy when compared to an industrial economy. The Northern union also campaigned for an end to the slave trade and an upheaval of the federal system of government which was bound to uphold human rights and increase the level of nationalism in America. These factors stand out as some of the Northerner’s strong points which led them to win the war and determine the future we live in today. Dautrich, Kenneth. American Government: Historical, Popular, and Global Perspectives Texas Edition. New York: Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Draper, John. History of the American Civil War, Volume 3. New York: BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009. Print. Radford, Grant. The Civil War for Fifth Graders. 3. 2004. Web. https://www.radford.edu/content/radfordcore/home.html

Quotes From Controversial Book The Giver

Quotes From Controversial Book 'The Giver' The Giver is a middle-grade dystopian novel by Lois Lowry. Its about Jonas, who becomes the Receiver of Memories and then begins to understand the deepest secrets of his society. The book teaches a valuable lesson on the importance of individuality, emotions, and having a connection with others. It is often part of a middle school curriculum. On Aging Chapter 1 â€Å"After Twelve, age isnt important. Most of us even lose track of how old we are as time passes, though information is in the Hall of Open Records. Chapter 2 Whats important is the preparation for adult life, and the training youll receive in your Assignment. On Memories Chapter 23 It was not a grasping of thin and burdensome recollection; this was different. This was something that he could keep. It was a memory of his own.   Chapter 18 Memories are forever. Chapter 10 Simply stated, although its not really simple at all, my job is to transmit to you all the memories I have within me. Memories of the past. Chapter 17 With his new, heightened feelings, he was overwhelmed by sadness at the way the others had laughed and shouted, playing at war. But he knew that they could not understand why, without the memories. He felt such love for Asher and for Fiona. But they could not feel it back, without the memories. And he could not give them those. On Courage Chapter 8 You will be faced, now, with  pain  of a magnitude that none of us here can comprehend because it is beyond our experience. The Receiver himself was not able to describe it, only to remind us that you would be faced with it, that you would need immense courage. But when he looked out across the crowd, the sea of faces, the thing happened again. The thing that had happened with the apple. They changed. He blinked, and it was gone. His shoulder straightened slightly.  Briefly,  he felt a tiny sliver of sureness for the first time. On Fitting In Chapter 1 For a contributing citizen to be released from the community was a final decision, a terrible punishment, an overwhelming statement of failure. Chapter 3 No one mentioned such things; it was not a rule, but was considered rude to call attention to things that were unsettling or different about individuals. Chapter 6 How could someone not fit in? The community was so meticulously ordered, the choices so carefully made. Chapter 9 He was so completely, so thoroughly accustomed to courtesy within the community that the thought of asking another citizen an intimate question, of calling someones attention to an area of awkwardness, was unnerving. On Happiness and Satisfaction Chapter 11 Now he became aware of an entirely new sensation: pinpricks? No, because they were soft and without pain. Tiny, cold, feather-like feelings peppered his body and face. He put out his tongue again and caught one of the dots of cold upon it. It disappeared from his awareness instantly, but he caught another, and another. The sensation made him smile. He was free to enjoy the breathless glee that overwhelmed him: the speed, the clear cold air, the total silence, the feeling of balance and excitement and peace. Chapter 4 He liked the feeling of safety here in this warm and quiet room; he liked the expression of trust on the womans face as she lay in the water unprotected, exposed, and free. Chapter 13 They were satisfied with their lives, which had none of the  vibrance  his own was taking on. And he was angry at himself, that he could not change that for them. Sometimes I wish theyd ask for my wisdom more often - there are so many things I could tell them; things I wish they would change. But they dont want change. Life here is so orderly, so predictable - so painless. Its what theyve chosen. Chapter 12 Our people made that choice, the choice to go to Sameness. Before my time, before the previous time, back and back and back. We relinquished color when we relinquished sunshine and did away with difference. We gained control of many things. But we had to let go of others. On Grief and Pain Chapter 13 Now he saw another elephant emerge from the place where it had stood hidden in the trees. Very slowly it walked to the mutilated body and looked down. With its sinuous trunk, it struck the huge corpse; then it reached up, broke some leafy branches with a snap, and draped them over the mass of torn thick flesh. Finally, it tilted its massive head, raised its trunk, and roared into the empty landscape. It was a sound of rage and grief and it seemed never to end. Chapter 14 The sled hit a bump in the hill and Jonas was jarred loose and thrown violently into the air. He fell with his leg twisted under  him and could hear the crack of bone. His face scraped along jagged edges of  ice...Then, the first wave of pain. He gasped. It was as if a hatchet lay lodged in his leg, slicing through each nerve with a hot blade. In his agony, he perceived the word fire and felt flames licking at the torn bone and flesh. Chapter 15 Dirt streaked the boys face and his matted blond hair. He lay sprawled, his gray uniform glistening with wet, fresh blood. The colors of the carnage were grotesquely bright: the crimson wetness on the rough and dusty fabric, the ripped shred of grass, startlingly green, in the boys yellow hair. Chapter 19 Jonas felt a ripping sensation inside himself, the feeling of terrible pain clawing its way forward to emerge in a cry. On Wonder Chapter 9 What if others - adults - had, upon becoming Twelves, received in their instructions the same terrifying sentence? What if they had all been instructed: You may lie? Chapter 12 Always in the dream, it seemed as if there were a destination: a something - he could not grasp what - that lay beyond the place where the thickness of snow brought the sled to a stop. He was left, upon awakening, with the feeling that he wanted, even somehow needed, to reach the something that waited in the distance. The feeling that it was good. That it was welcoming. That it was significant. But he did not know how to get there. Chapter 13 He wondered what lay in the far distance where he had never gone. The land didnt end beyond  those nearby communities. Were there hills Elsewhere? Were there vast wind-torn areas like the place he had seen in memory, the place where the elephants died? Chapter 14 Was there someone there, waiting, who would receive the tiny released twin? Would it grow up Elsewhere, not knowing, ever, that in this community lived a being who looked exactly the same? For a moment, he felt a tiny, fluttering hope that he knew was quite foolish. He hoped that it would be Larissa, waiting. Larissa, the  old woman  he had bathed. Jonas began to remember the wonderful sail that The Giver had given him not long before: a bright, breezy day on a clear turquoise lake, and above him the white sail of the boat billowing as he moved along in the brisk wind. Chapter 23 For the first time, he heard something that he knew to be music. He heard people singing. Behind him, across vast distances of space and time, from the place he had left, he thought he heard music, too. But perhaps, it was only an echo. On Choice, Change, and Consequences Chapter 20 Its the way they live. Its the life that was created for them. Its the same life that you would  have  if you had not been chosen as my successor. Chapter 7 He hunched his shoulders and tried to make himself smaller in the seat. He wanted to disappear, to fade away, not to exist. He didnt dare to turn and find his parents in the crowd. He couldnt bear to see their faces darkened with shame. Jonas bowed his head and searched through his mind. What had he done wrong? Chapter 9 There was just a moment when things werent quite the same, werent quite as they had always been through the long friendship. Chapter 16 Things could change, Gabe. Things could be different. I dont know how, but there must be some way for things to be different. There could be colors. And grandparents. And everybody would have memories. You know about memories. Chapter 22 If he had stayed in the community, he would not be. It was as simple as that. Once he had yearned for choice. Then, when he has had a choice, he had made the wrong one: the choice to leave. And now he was starving.

Business Scenarios Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Scenarios - Essay Example Moreover, it appears that he is in school just to pass time. One strategy to assist in seeking a solution to the predicament is informing the teacher because he or she may understand why the student lacks interest in education. Apparently, family issues can be the reason behind the student’s lack of interest in education. Since students are afraid to share their problems with their fellow students, the teacher will be of substantial help because students feel free to share their problems with teachers as opposed to their fellow students. Another strategy that may work is trying to inquire from the student the reasons for showing minimal commitment to work. By doing so, a student may reveal his problems and the students can devise a way of assisting the student in eliminating his problem. However, the best solution to curb the problem is referring the student to the school’s counselor. As stated earlier, family issues may be the reason why the student fails to value education. The counselor would be of immense help because they can interact with the student and know the problem. Moreover, they can advise the student on appropriate ways to eliminate the problem at

Summarization essay on The Monkey's Paw by Edgar Allen Poe

Summarization on The Monkey's Paw by Edgar Allen Poe - Essay Example Men, women and families gather together waiting for the lottery to start. Mr. .Summers and Mr. Graves, the postmaster arrives in the square carrying a black box. Mr. Summer is responsible for administering the lottery as he is always willing to do a lot for the village and has ample time to carry this out. This black box he carries is not the original one used by their ancestors as it was lost even before the birth of old Warner. Although this one is worn out and Mr. Summers recommend that it should be changed, nobody has the courage to deceive around the tradition. Nevertheless he is able to use paper instead of the traditional wood chips. These slips of paper are made by Mr. Summer and Mr. Grave last night and for safety locked in a coal factory owned by Mr. Summers. A list of all the people in the village is prepared and Mr. Summers is taken under an oath. Some villagers recall that in the old times, there used to be a song and salutation but these customs have been missing now. Before starting the lottery it is assured that everybody is present. Tessie Hutchinson forgets that today was the day of the lottery and joins her family in haste; she is laughed upon by the crowd. Old Warner’s presence is assured too. The regulations of the lottery are repeated to the crowd. Mr. Summers will read the names of the head of the family and that person will come forward to draw the slip. As the individuals starts to do so he meets everyone and exchange greetings. Nobody is allowed to see the paper until everyone has had his turn. When Old Warner is told by Mr. Adam that villagers of the north town might stop the lottery, he becomes agitated and says that this could guide them to primitives and would bring them trouble. Everyone look at their slips of paper as soon as Mr. Summers stop calling names. In a couple of minutes it is known that Bill Hutchinson has gotten it. Tessie

The Purple Hibiscus Analysis

The Purple Hibiscus Analysis Purple hibiscus is the first novel of the writer Chimanda Ngozi Adichie. The novel was published in 2003, it got a lot of attention in terms of prestigious prizes. Chimanda used her own experiences from her childhood to fill in the plot and lives of the characters. She was born in Kambilis home town Enugu, she is also a catholic. The main character is named Kambile Achike, a school girl that does exceptional in school. She lives with her parents mama, papa and her teenage brother Jaja. The story takes place in a city in Nigeria called Enugu, the novel begins with Jaja refusing to go to church on palm Sunday. Jaja has no good excuse for missing church so papa throws his book at him. The book hits his wifes shelf containing her beloved figurines. This is the beginning of the end for the Achike family. Afterwards Kambili explains what happened before Palm Sunday and all the events, papas sister Aunty Ifeoma is liberal and has been giving Jaja and Kambili rebel thoughts. Kambili does not say much and she often has problems speaking fluently without stuttering. Her strict father has shaped her this way by his rules and way of living. Every day she is in a schedule making her unable to do much else than eat, study, sleep and pray. Kambili is a good student and one of the best in her class. Because she does not talk much the girls in her class thinks she is a snob, she also runs straight to her dads car after class. Kambili is not a snob, but her dad is shaping her and she is unable to create her own identity. Her dad is expecting too much from Kambili and she only manages to finish second in her term. Papa tells her god expects more from her. Papa is an important man in Enugu, he owns several factories. He also publishes a newspaper called the standard. He is a rich man so he donated money to his local church community and his childrens school. His newspaper always tells the truth about the countrys conditions and therefore is under a lot of pressure from the state. He is also known for his generosity in his ancestral town, Abba. In the Christmas, Kambili and her family goes to Abba. Her close family makes a feast that feeds the whole family. Papa calls his father a heathen because he still holds on to the old religious traditions of his people. He does not let Jaja and Kambili visit his father for long. His sister thinks he is treating their father wrong, but Papa refuses to support his father unless he becomes a catholic. Aunty Ifeomas university town Nsukka is different from what Jaja and Kambili are used to. Power blackouts, rising food prices and fuel shortages are normal in Nsukka. Aunty Ifeoma teaches and encourages her children to question authority. Ifeoma wanted Jaja, Kambili and her own children to get to know each other better so she persuades Papa to stay with her for a week. They end up living there for longer than that. Just like her former classmates Kambili is being looked at as a snob by Amaka. Kambili stays silent in Nsukka. Kambili meets father Amadi who tells her to say what she has on her mind. Amaka and Kambili becomes friends. Papa-Nnukwu becomes ill and Ifeoma takes her in to the apartment so he can stay there. They do not tell Papa in fear that he will have them sent back. Papa eventually finds out that Papa-Nnukwu has been staying there and he takes his kids back home he punishes them for staying with him by pouring hot water on their feet. Papa is being pressured by the state because of his newspaper. Ade Coker gets captured by soldiers again and tortured. The standard is being raided and shut down. Ade Coker is thereafter killed by the government. Papa beats Kambili and she ends up in the hospital. Kambili goes to Nsukku to stay with her aunt after being released from the hospital. Aunty Ifeoma gets fired and travels to America to teach. Papa beats Mama again and she shows up in Nnukwu. When Mama goes home she starts poisoning Papas tea, in Easter Mama calls and tells them that Papa is dead. Kambilis big brother Jaja takes the blame and goes to jail. Three years later visit Jaja in prison where he has been living under terrible conditions. Jajas lawyers are sure that they will be able to get him released. Kambili is very happy, but Jaja does not seem to believe it himself. She wants to travel and visit Aunty Ifeoma. In the end of the book Kambili says Silence hangs over us now, but it is a different kind of silence. One that lets me breathe. I have nightmares about the other kind, the silence of when Papa was alive. In my nightmares, it mixes with shame and grief and so many other things that I cannot name, and forms blue tongues of fire that rest above my head, like Pentecost, until I wake up screaming and sweating.

How Far Did Martin Luther King Further the Cause of Civil Rights Essay

Dr. Martin luther king is one of the most famous civil rights activists in America to date. However, the importance of his legacy has been debated over how important really was he to the civil rights movement. I personally his movement was a key catalyst for the acquiring of equal civil rights in America. Martin Luther King’s peculiar method of campaigning gained him a large amount of white sympathizers to the civil rights cause. This support, which included President Johnson as a supporter; proved a great asset to the success of the civil rights movement, which highlights King’s importance. His use of peaceful campaigning put the activists on a moral high ground against the police and authorities trying to physically stop them. King being a Christian Pastor, used his acquired rhetoric to communicate the moral issues of his campaigns to the largely Christian white Americans. His importance is clearly evident as had he not tried to communicate to the masses on a religious level, support for the civil rights movement would be very small outside African American community. Perhaps a more militant approach like that of the Black Panthers would have proven a possible hindrance to the success of the civil rights movement as sympathy from white people and moral justification would be eradicated. This is why the work of Martin Luther King could be considered very important to the civil rights movement. Another reason why Martin Luther King’s contributions could be considered very important is due to King’s character and personality. He was like a spokesman for the movement. His impressive oration skills granted him a large audience on which he could lay down his ideas. Civil Rights was mostly associated with him and his personality gave him connection to many people within the political spectrum. King had an inspirational factor to his speeches, as seen during the March On Washington where he delivered his famed ‘I have a dream’ speech in front of 250,000 spectators. His popularity on a national level meant the government had to change their actics in regards to civil rights as upheaval may follow. In this sense, King forced the government to speed up the laws of civil rights, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964. King’s flair for words and his personality made his a valuable element to the entire civil rights movement; his popularity gave him audience with President Kennedy, who eventually supported King. This is why he could be seen as have important contributions to the civil rights movement. As far as King’s work may have lead the civil rights movement, he can still be considered not that important in the grand scheme of things. Some of his ideas and methods were not supported by some members of the civil rights movement. His peaceful methods were rejected by some African Americans – some of who were involved in the Watts Summer Riots and wished to pursue liberty through violent means. Groups such as Nation Of Islam and Black Panthers labelled King as an ‘uncle tom’- a man who worked for the white people and not his own. This hate towards King made his work less important as opposition decreases his support and gave him enemies within members of the movement itself. Furthermore, King’s speeches were heavily Christianity-based. Although they fitted the majority of citizens, who were mostly Christian, some people were not so his ideas were not understood and accepted very well. In this aspect of things, opponents of King and those who he did not represent made his contributions less important. All in all, King’s contributions largely were very significant and important in the Civil Rights movement, his borrowed methods of peaceful protest , along with his oration skills and inspirational attitude ensured his work is probably the most single significant aspect of the entire movement. Despite not representing some members from the civil rights community, his legacy is very famous. The most important aspect of his work is his use of moral defences against authorities, his pacifism gave him support from the biggest politic figureheads and therefore his work undoubtedly was very important.

Daniel Libeskind - The Jewish Museum in Berlin - 1843 Words

The success of architects is defined not so much by the problems they face as the act of their creative and practical responses. Located in once the bombarded Berlin, a new language of architecture emerged. It appears with multiple contradictions, yet not confliction, from itself to the surroundings and within its own construction. That is the Berlin Jewish Museum, submitted by the young Daniel Libeskind in a competition to provoke the unsavory history of Berlin very soon after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The Western tradition in building museum is twisted by its expressionistic form, not merely to house the remains, the relics, the display of art, it stands by itself naked, untreated to house the ghost of German Judaism, a†¦show more content†¦The intention is to make occupants feel physically ill and all of its effects. Precast and cast in-place concrete are customized in tube-like structures which slope variably to resist lateral loads stabilizing the vertical el ements. At some strategic locations with severely angled walls, pre-stressed steel reinforced concrete is an absolute option. Steel is used to bear compressive loads as well as tensile loads. The vertical elements are tied together with beams and slabs which prevent them from cracking. The monolithic appearance and the complication in opening positions and dimensions require a high level of difficulty in pouring concrete, which make this museum become the first model project of its kind to test the new concrete-handling method. The challenge is to avoid segregation in pouring concrete. Timing is the key. The exterior walls are molded with in-situ concrete; the advantage it offers is that the apertures can be made in any shape and size, width and height. It also allows a less amount of columns used, and an expansion for larger, uninterrupted spaces. The extra strength the reinforced concrete gives grants Libeskind the ability to make the concept practical. Also, to maintain the integrity of the â€Å"object,† he eliminated conventional roof system, lightweight enclosing, and exposed framework matrix as if all structural members merge in one entity which makes theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Weimar Republic1185 Words   |  5 Pages For now, I’m going to leave the Reichstag wrapped up, and move onto Libeskind’s Jewish museum. Over history it could be argued that the Jews have been the most persecuted religion. This is of course true in Germany. In German history the Jews have being accused of poisoning wells and causing the black death, despite the Jews suffering equally from the disease! The Jews were also accused for the loss of the First World War, despite the Jews having the largest proportional of any religious groupRead MoreThe Legacy Of Daniel Libeskind2248 Words   |  9 Pages Daniel Libeskind was born in Lodz, Poland on May 12, 1946, to Polish-Jewish parents the year after World War II ended. His parents were Holocaust survivors, but living in postwar Eastern Europe they found that the formal end of the Holocaust did not bring an end to Anti-Semitism violence. As Libeskind told Stanley Meisler of the Smithsonian, â€Å"Anti-Semitism is the only memory I still have of Poland. In school. On the streets. It wasn t what most people think happened after the war was over. It wasRead MoreThe Lack Of A Central Holocaust Memorial1621 Words   |  7 PagesGerman government decides that the memorial should be devoted only to Jewish victims of the Holocaust and designates a prominent location in the center of the newly-unified city of Berlin: The five-acre site will lie due south of the Brandenburg Gate, which until 1989 had divided East and West Berlin. The site is also just a few steps from the buried remains of the bunker where Adolf Hitler committed suicide. Amidst the Berlin s tremendous construction boom (which garnered it the nickname EuropeRead MoreThe Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe2474 Words   |  10 PagesThe Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, also known as the Holocaust Memorial, is a monument in Berlin to commemorate the Jewish victims of the Holocaust. The Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe causes us to reflect on how the transgressive ges ture of architecture puts the issue of balance between the medium and the message into question. The memorial could have been viewed as a way to threaten the importance of remembrance. According to Elke Grenzer, â€Å"Architecture itself in a commemorativeRead MoreDigital Fabrications Architectural And Material Techniques2121 Words   |  9 Pagesand then becomes ceiling in one simple motion. Another great example of the use of folds are the wrapped metal corner panels of The Jewish Museum in Berlin, Germany, by Daniel Libeskind. The titanium plates zigzag and fold throughout the faà §ade, these folds are expressed in the interior by the angled walls and underground axes. Thanks to the folding technique Libeskind is able to hide the individual floors from the outside, the crisscrossing of the windows seem therefore unsystematic and it helps create

Continental Marines Essays - 1245 Words

On November 10th, 1775, the Continental Congress passed a resolution that stated two Battalions of Marines be raised, which established the Continental Marines, and is now considered the birth date of the Marines. The newly formed Continental Marines served on both land and sea, and took part in many major engagements, which helped establish them as an important branch of the Armed Forces. The first Commandant of the Continental Marines was Captain Samuel Nicholas, who was born in Philadelphia in 1744. He was commissioned to be a â€Å"Captain of Marines† by the 2nd Continental Congress on November 5th 1775. Nicholas soon established Tun Tavern as the recruiting headquarters. Tun Tavern’s owner, Robert Mullen, was so successful at recruiting†¦show more content†¦Shortly after, Captain Samuel Nicholas is promoted to Major. In December 1776, the Marines joined Washington’s army at Trenton to help slow the progress of British Troops through New Jersey. Washington was unsure what to do with the Marines, so he added them to a brigade of Philadelphia militia. Although the Marines were unable to arrive in time to greatly affect the Battle of Trenton, they played a part in the American victories in both the Battles of Assunpink Creek and Princeton. At the end of the American Revolution in 1783, both the Continental Marines and Continental Navy were disbanded. The Alliance was sold, and the last official act of the Continental Marines was to escort a stash of French silver crowns on loan from Louis XVI from Boston to Philadelphia. Some individual Marines stayed on the few American naval vessels left, but the last Continental Marine was discharged in April. In 1798, the Marines are reformed as the Unites States Marine Corps, with William Ward Burrows as the Second Commandant. Under the Act for establishing and organizing a Marine Corps†, which was signed by President John Adams on July 11th 1798, the new Marine Corps was to be made up of a battalion of 500 privates, who would be lead by a Major and a group of Privates and NCOs. The next day, Burrows was promoted to the rank of Major. The new Marine Corps soon found itself in the middle of the Barbary Pirates War. The war was started afterShow MoreRelatedThe History Of The Airline Industry935 Words   |  4 Pageswhile other airlines have become very successful. One airline that has been able to make air travel a profitable business is Continental Airlines. Continental Airlines was founded in 1934 as a very prosperous company and over their colorful 64-year history has experienced both tremendous success and extreme difficulty. Walter Varney and Louis Mueller originally founded Continental Airlines as Varney Speed Lines. 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In June of 1782, while leading thirty other infantrymen they became engaged, in one-on-one combat, with a band loyalistsRead MoreWhy America Still Have A Need For A Marine Corps1076 Words   |  5 Pagesaccomplish ground missions similar to the Marine Corps, then why does America still have a need for a Marine Corps. It is because Marines train for the worst possible outcomes by keeping one step in front of the enemy and the Marines act as quick reaction force capable of scaling its size to handle whatever the immediate threat presents. Why does America still have a need for a Marine Corps? Since 1775, the Nation has called upon the Army and Marines to defend its borders and protect its shoresRead MoreHistory Of The Army Corps957 Words   |  4 Pagespaper will cover the history of the Army NCO, contributions, and evolution of the Army NCO. History An NCO is referred as a military officer who is yet to earn a commission. 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While the history of Revolutionary War pensions is quite rich and intriguing, what is most enriching over the course of the study of this document is the incredibly vivid and accurate account of life in Continental Army campsRead MoreThe American Of Canadian Foreign Relations3505 Words   |  15 PagesAnother reason why the Americans failed to Conquer Canada was because there conflict within the United States itself, and thus, operations did not always run as smoothly as George Washington had hoped for. In 1775, George Washington took over the Continental Army and tried to organize troops and forces identical to the British. This however, was a lot harder than Washington anticipated. Since the Americans distanced themselves and ultimately detached from the British control and Empire, there was a